The effect of body position and mass centre velocity at toe off on the start performance of elite swimmers and how this differs between gender

The start in swimming is a crucial phase of race, where improvements performance can be made. Twenty-four elite swimmers race pace starts were recorded from five above and below water 50 Hz video cameras. Body position at toe off was calculated the recordings consisted two-dimensional mass centre off, arm, trunk, front leg rear angles.Horizontal, vertical resultant velocity time to 5 m, 10 m 15 also determined. Whilst (starting performance) differed by 0.17 s between genders, body showed no significant differences. difference mainly due horizontal off. relationship arm angle warrants further investigation as there range techniques adopted but clear link performance. trunk correlated starting for both males females. This study demonstrates that different genders critical determinant